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DFT Analysis of Elementary N2 Electro-Reduction Kinetics on Transition Metal Surfaces
Presentation

DFT Analysis of Elementary N2 Electro-Reduction Kinetics on Transition Metal Surfaces

Sharad MaheshwariYawei LiMichael JanikGholamreza RostamikiaLauren F. GreenleeJulie Renner

Ammonia is currently produced through the catalytic Haber Bosch process (HB) at temperatures of about 300 to 500 °C and pressure of about 200-300 atm. In a future with plentiful renewable electricity from distributed sources, an electro-chemical system to produce ammonia could efficiently generate ammonia on site and on demand. Possible heterogeneous catalysts for electro-chemical nitrogen reduction are currently marred by the poor rate and selectivity due to difficulty in activating the strong N-N bond and to the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), resulting in infeasible faradaic efficiency. To develop more selective and active catalysts, better understanding of the mechanistic…

Enhanced Electrochemical Ammonia Production Via Peptide-Bound Metal
Presentation

Enhanced Electrochemical Ammonia Production Via Peptide-Bound Metal

Charles LoneyJulie RennerDavid SuttmillerLauren F. GreenleeMichael Janik

Approximately half of the people on the planet are alive because of synthetically produced ammonia. However, due to the fossil fuels used in the current ammonia synthesis process, its production contributes a significant amount to the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. Haber-Bosch synthesis, which is the most widely used method of producing synthetic ammonia today, requires high temperatures (400-500 °C) and pressures (150-200 atm). This process is also energy intensive, consuming approximately 2% of worldwide energy. By taking an electrochemically-based approach to ammonia synthesis, those harsh conditions and emissions can be eliminated. However, current catalysts are not selective for the desired…

Exploring Peptide-Bound Catalysts for Electrochemical Ammonia Generation
Presentation

Exploring Peptide-Bound Catalysts for Electrochemical Ammonia Generation

Charles LoneyAshley GraybillCheyan XuJulie RennerPrashant AcharyaDavid SuttmillerLauren F. GreenleeLuke WilesKatherine AyersWayne Gellett

Today, most ammonia (NH3) manufacturing occurs via the Haber-Bosch process. This process consumes hydrogen from fossil fuels, and as a result NH3 contributes the highest amount of greenhouse gas emissions out of the top 18 large-volume chemicals made globally. Because the process is high temperature (400°–500°C) and pressure (150–300 atm) with a low (15%) single-pass conversion efficiency, the plants have to be very large to be economical. This means that ammonia is shipped from centralized locations, further increasing greenhouse gas emissions because of the fuel consumed in transportation. Additionally, their large size makes it difficult to integrate with renewable sources…

Design of Iron-Nickel Nanocatalysts for Low-Temperature Electrochemical Ammonia Generation
Presentation

Design of Iron-Nickel Nanocatalysts for Low-Temperature Electrochemical Ammonia Generation

Lauren F. GreenleeShelby FosterPrashant AcharyaDavid SuttmillerCharles LoneyJulie RennerWayne GellettKatherine Ayers

The Haber-Bosch industrial process for ammonia production is the cornerstone of modern commercial-fertilizer-based agriculture. Haber-Bosch ammonia fueled the global population growth of the 20th century, and approximately half of the nitrogen in human bodies today originates from ammonia-based fertilizer produced by the Haber-Bosch process. However, the Haber-Bosch process operates at high temperature and high pressure to achieve high conversion efficiencies, and the hydrogen input comes from steam reforming of coal or natural gas. In addition to the energy costs, the large production of carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas and the large required economies of scale motivate research efforts to…