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IIAR Standards and Guidelines
Presentation

IIAR Standards and Guidelines

Eric Smith

The International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration (IIAR) is a professional society and trade association dedicated to the use of natural refrigerants, the most prevalent of which is ammonia. IIAR members embrace the safe use of ammonia because of its energy efficiency, ease of use, and wide availability. Soon celebrating 50 years as a professional society, IIAR has developed numerous standards and guidelines that are recognized by government agencies, model codes, and associated organizations in the United States and internationally. Our member library contains hundreds of technical papers on a wide array of topics regarding the use of ammonia. This session…

Ammonia Fuel Standard, where do we go from here?
Presentation

Ammonia Fuel Standard, where do we go from here?

David Richardson

A discussion focused on the path to creating an ammonia fuel standard. Exploring the current state of the Ammonia Fuel Product Standards, its parallels to the current ammonia industry, and the challenges that need to be overcome to develop a meaningful standard for all stakeholders in the ammonia fuel supply chain.

A marine fuel standard for Ammonia - an engine designers perspective
Presentation

A marine fuel standard for Ammonia - an engine designers perspective

Dorthe Jacobsen

The presentation will discuss the challenges for operation on ammonia from an engine designers perspective and show the preliminary fuel standard for ammonia for the MAN Energy Solution ME-LGIA two-stroke engine. The presentation will also discuss drivers for change in the marine industry, and what is required for reaching zero-carbon shipping. A recent MAN-ES technical paper on use of ammonia in two-stroke maritime engines is available here.

Ammonia cracking: when, how, and how much?
Presentation

Ammonia cracking: when, how, and how much?

Josh Makepeace

Cracking ammonia to produce hydrogen underpins many of the fuel-based uses of ammonia, and as such is a lynchpin technology in the case for ammonia energy. While in many ways ammonia cracking is a mature technology, systems which are designed specifically for these applications are less common. In this presentation, a general overview of the potential roles of ammonia cracking in facilitating the use of ammonia for energy applications will be outlined, including a survey of established and emerging cracking and purification technologies. A forthcoming project to produce an AEA Ammonia Cracking Technical Paper will be introduced.

Starfire Energy's ammonia cracking and cracked gas purification technology
Presentation

Starfire Energy's ammonia cracking and cracked gas purification technology

Joseph Beach

Ammonia cracking is important for both combustion and fuel cell applications. Starfire Energy has verified that a blend of 70% ammonia + 30% cracked ammonia can burn well in a conventional natural gas burner with very low ammonia slip and acceptable NOx using a stoichiometric fuel-air mixture. A 10 MW turbine or internal combustion engine using such a blend will need about 1.44 tonnes of cracked ammonia per hour. Starfire Energy’s monolith-supported cracking catalyst may be ideally suited for this application. Fully cracked ammonia retains several thousand parts per million of ammonia due to thermodynamic limitations. Residual ammonia can damage…