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Ammonia – Could it replace HFO/LSFO?
Presentation

Ammonia – Could it replace HFO/LSFO?

George Karikoglou

The core of this presentation deals with the nature of ammonia, its natural characteristics that make it a future fuel solution candidate, the safety measures that need to be applied in order to carry it on board without endangering lives, environment & property, as well as whether this would be a feasible and cost- or risk-effective solution. For a long time, a lot of discussions have been centered around this subject, now bringing it to the immediate forefront & creating various questions that we will aim to answer to the interested individuals’, ship-managers’, businesses’, ship-owners’ and corporations’ satisfaction. Lloyd’s Register –…

Safe and Effective Application of Ammonia As a Marine Fuel
Presentation

Safe and Effective Application of Ammonia As a Marine Fuel

Niels de Vries

To achieve significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in shipping and enable ship owner’s to eventually phase them out entirely renewable fuels, such as ammonia, play a crucial role. However, much is still unknown regarding application of ammonia as a marine fuel. An ammonia carrier is used as basis to perform the study identifying the marine technical feasibility and performance of ammonia. Furthermore, a safety analysis is performed on the system level providing the first design principles for ammonia powered vessels. The results of this theoretical research will be presented including an outlook on new developments on the implementation of…

Safety of Ammonia As Hydrogen and Energy Carriers
Presentation

Safety of Ammonia As Hydrogen and Energy Carriers

Yoshitsugu Kojima

Ammonia (NH3) is liquefied at 1 MPa and 25 °C, and has a highest volumetric hydrogen density of 10.7 kg H2 /100L. It has a high gravimetric hydrogen density of 17.8 wt%. The heat of formation of NH3 is about 1/10 of combustion heat of hydrogen. NH3 has advantages as a hydrogen carrier for fuel cell vehicles and an energy carrier for power plants. In this research, the purpose is to figure out regulations for safety of NH3 in the world, and survey NH3 accident. We also characterize water as a NH3 absorbent. Regulations for flammability and health hazard are…

Monolith Materials: Ammonia Production from Natural Gas Using Pyrolysis
Presentation

Monolith Materials: Ammonia Production from Natural Gas Using Pyrolysis

Tim RensRob Hanson

Monolith Materials was founded in 2013 with the vision of converting abundant natural gas resources into valuable products for customers around the world. We have developed a novel electric process for converting natural gas into carbon, in the form of carbon black, and hydrogen, at high yield. Our first commercial unit (15,000 T/y of carbon and 5,000 T/y of hydrogen) is fully financed and under construction. It will come online in 2019. We plan on expanding this facility by adding as many as 30 additional units over the coming years. We are actively pursuing opportunities to increase the value of…

The Role of Carbon Capture and Storage Incentives in Ammonia Fuel Production
Presentation

The Role of Carbon Capture and Storage Incentives in Ammonia Fuel Production

Mike FowlerJonathan Lewis

While the current cost of ammonia produced from hydrogen via steam methane reforming (SMR) of natural gas with carbon capture & storage (CCS) is challenging on an energy basis compared to the price of gasoline, the Clean Air Task Force projects that production of ammonia at optimized, world-scale SMR+CCS facilities could be price-competitive with gasoline in the near future, especially in the right policy environment. Two government programs in the United States—a federal tax incentive known as 45Q and California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS)—provide immediate and unprecedented opportunities to mitigate the cost premium associated with certain hydrogen production systems.…

Presentation

Simulation of an Ammonia Plant Integrated with the Allam Cycle for Commercial Production of Ammonia and Power

Song WangDan FernandesQiang XuDaniel Chen

The continuous global economic and population growth results in a fast-paced energy demand and problematic emission green house gases such as CO2. To cost-effectively reduce CO2 emissions with the current main energy source of fossil fuels, novel carbon capture and utilization technologies have to be developed. One of such promising technologies is the Allam cycle power plant developed by a consortium led by Net Power LLC. Even though the human population is expected to reach about 9.2 billion by 2050,, the land availability for farming at that time could only keep the current level or even decrease. Thus, the demand…

Biomass Based Sustainable Ammonia Production
Presentation

Biomass Based Sustainable Ammonia Production

Antonio SánchezMariano MartínPastora Vega

The renewable ammonia production is gaining attention nowadays. Current production processes use as raw material, predominantly, natural gas or coal. Therefore, large amounts of greenhouse carbon dioxide are released in the production process. Different alternatives for a sustainable path to produce ammonia have been analysed. One alternative is producing hydrogen through electrolysis, nitrogen by air separation and then produce ammonia via Haber Bosch process (Sánchez & Martín, 2018). An interesting feature of this process is the possibility of integrating renewable energy sources in the ammonia production. Another technology is the electrochemical ammonia production (Bicer & Dincer, 2017). The ammonia synthesis…

Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Ammonia As Green Energy Carrier
Presentation

Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Ammonia As Green Energy Carrier

Matteo Masanti

Well-known environmental concerns, new directives and tighter regulations drive the development of new industrial processes with lower carbon emissions and reduced fossil fuel consumptions. Among those processes, ammonia production accounts for a significant share of about 1% of global CO2 emissions (Brown, 2016). Ammonia seems to be a promising carbon free energy carrier with high energy density and already available infrastructure distribution with respect to other carbon free solutions (e.g. hydrogen). Within this framework, Casale developed a new patented process, A6000CC (WO2018/149641), to convert natural gas to ammonia with reduced CO2 emissions to atmosphere, as low as less than 0.2…

Presentation

Analysis of an Ammonia/Ammonium Nitrate Fuel's Thermal Decomposition By Mass Spectrometry and Thermogravimetric Analysis

Bar MosevitzkyGennady E. ShterGideon S. Grader

Research on renewable synthetic fuels has become a hot-topic in recent years. This is due to the long-term energy storage capabilities of chemical bonds and their potential compatibility with current energy infrastructure. Specifically, nitrogen-based fuels offer a carbon-free solution to wide scale implementation of renewable energies. Therefore, the inherent chemistry involved in the utilization of these fuels for stationary and mobile power generation is of prime interest. Unlike ammonium nitrate, ammonia suffers from unstable combustion characteristics. Therefore, adding ammonium nitrate to ammonia combustion may stabilize the process. However, while ammonia’s gas-phase reaction mechanism is well studied, ammonium nitrate’s is poorly…

Presentation

Proton-Based Solid Acid for Ammonia Removal

Masakuni YamaguchiTomoyuki IchikawaHikaru MiyaokaKeita NakajimaTengfei ZhangHiroki MiyaokaYoshitsugu Kojima

Large amount of water is a NH3 absorbent in the plant facilities for emergency. NH3 and NH4+ coexist in ammonia water. For example, potential of hydrogen (pH) is 11 in 2500 ppm ammonia water and the ratio of NH3 and NH4+ are 98% and 2%, respectively. The aqueous solution releases NH3 due to the high equilibrium vapor pressure, resulting in increase of the negative effects on the environment. Therefore, in order to reduce ammonia released to the atmosphere, sulfuric acid is added in the aqueous solution. In this case, ammonium sulfate is formed and dissolves in the water. Therefore complicated…