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Presentation

Ammonia Production Can be Practically Free

David Judbarovski

As a prototype I take Green ammonia: Haldor Topsoe’s solid oxide electrolyzer ( https://ammoniaenergy.org/green-ammonia-haldor-topsoes-solid-oxide-electrolyzer/ ) to produce synthesis-gas (1/2 N2 + 1.5 H2 ) for ammonia production from air, water and renewable energy. The big disadvantage of it is very expensive CAPEX of the electrolyzer consuming 7.2 MWh electricity per a ton of ammonia. In my turn, I suppose a following technology consuming 7.0-7.4 MWh electricity to produce ammonia with by-product of 0.4 ton formaldehyde solution (40% in water) being now USD 300-350/ton fob price, considered as that ammonia payback including CAPEX. The world annual consume of formaldehyde exceeds 10…

Presentation

Ocean Thermal Energy Ammonia Production and Heat Transport to Reverse Global Warming

Paul Curto

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is by far the most balanced means to face the challenge of global warming. OTEC is a true triple threat against global warming. It is the only technology that acts to directly reduce the temperature of the ocean (it was estimated one degree Fahrenheit reduction every twenty years for 10,000 250 MWe plants in 1977), eliminates carbon emissions, and increases carbon dioxide absorption (cooler water absorbs more CO2) at the same time. It generates fuel that is portable and efficient, and electricity for coastal areas when moored offshore. It creates jobs, perhaps millions of them,…

Presentation

Electrochemical Reduction of Dinitrogen to Ammonia Using Different Morphologies of Copper As Electro Catalysts

Nishithan C. KaniMeenesh R. Singh

Ammonia is an effective hydrogen storage medium due to ease of transport as liquid, high storage capacity (17.65%) and it can easily be converted to hydrogen by electro-chemical oxidation. Haber-Bosch process is used for the synthesis of ammonia which is energy intensive as it requires high temperature and pressure. It also causes intense carbon emissions as the hydrogen is produced by steam reforming. Alternatively, ammonia can be synthesized electrochemically at ambient conditions from nitrogen and water by employing renewable energy in the presence of an electro catalyst. The major challenge in electrochemical synthesis of ammonia is low Faradaic efficiency. This…

Presentation

In Situ Growth of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Coated γ-Fe; O; Nanoparticles on Carbon Fabric for Electrochemical N; Fixation

Yan LiYang Hou

Nitrogen fixation to ammonia (NH3) has attracted intensive attention because NH3 is the critical inorganic fertilizers and energy carrier. Haber-Bosch process, the industrial procedure for NH3 production, is confined to the extreme condition requirements. Hence, it is highly desirable to develop a renewable and environment-friendly route for nitrogen fixation to replace the conventional technology. Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is one of the most promising techniques since the electrical energy could be produced by synergy with the fast-growing renewable energy. However, electrochemical NRR approach faces huge challenge in breaking extremely high N≡N bond energy (940.95 kJ mol–1) in dinitrogen molecules.…

Presentation

Ammonia Generation By Low Energy Electrical Corona Discharge Processes

Yu MiaoAlexandre YokochiAnnette von JouanneRyan Collin

Ammonia is considered as an important chemical used in agriculture, household cleaning and manufacturing. Mass production of ammonia mostly uses the Haber-Bosch process, reacting hydrogen and nitrogen. However, this process requires a moderately-elevated temperature (450°C) and high pressure (100 bar). Therefore, the development of technologies to produce ammonia with a moderate operation condition and a higher energy efficiency would have a positive economic impact and simulate new approaches in industrial chemistry. Reactors enable single discharge and multi-discharge operation have been built, and their performance proves the concept of conversion of nitrogen and hydrogen and demonstrates the ability to produce ammonia.…

Presentation

Electrochemical Promotion of Ammonia Synthesis with Proton-Conducting Ceramic Fuel Cells -Function of Electrode Interface for Ammonia Formation Reaction-

Junichiro OtomoChien-I LiKazunori YamamotoHiroki Matsuo

The advance of efficient and economical energy carrier technology is an important challenge in terms of storage and transport of hydrogen fuels produced from renewable energy. Ammonia is a promising candidate of energy carrier because of high energy density and easy liquefaction as well as a carbon-free fuel.1 Electrochemical synthesis has a potential for an efficient ammonia production in comparison with the industrial Haber–Bosch process. In our previous study, we observed the improvement of electrochemical synthesis of ammonia using iron-based electrode catalyst such as K-Al-Fe-BaCe0.9Y0.1O3 (BCY).2 In the study, basically, H2 decomposition occurs to form protons in the anode side,…

Presentation

Activation By High Temperature Reduction of Ru Catalyst Supported on Rare Earth Oxide for Ammonia Synthesis

Yuta OguraKatsutoshi NagaokaKatsutoshi Sato

Ammonia is an important chemical feedstock, and more than 80% of the synthesized ammonia is used to produce fertilizer. Ammonia is also being considered as an energy carrier and hydrogen source (1) because it has a high energy density (12.8 GJ m-3) and a high hydrogen content (17.6 wt%), (2) because infrastructure for ammonia storage and transportation is already established, and (3) because carbon dioxide is not emitted when ammonia is decomposed to produce hydrogen. If ammonia could be efficiently produced from a renewable energy source, such as solar or wind energy, problems related to the global energy crisis could…

Presentation

Ammonia Decomposition and Separation Using Catalytic Membrane Reactors

Sai P. KatikaneniStephen N. PaglieriAadesh X. HaraleAqil JamalKoichi EguchiHiroki MuroyamaToshiaki Matsui

Hydrogen is the primary fuel source for fuel cells. However, the low volume density and difficulty in storing and transporting hydrogen are major obstacles for its practical utilization. Among various hydrogen carries, ammonia is one of the most promising candidates because of its high hydrogen density and boiling point and ease in liquefaction and transportation. The reaction temperature of ammonia cracking into nitrogen and hydrogen is about 500˚C or higher. The hydrogen can be effectively separated by the membrane based on Pd alloy about 500˚C. Currently, the extraction of hydrogen from ammonia is carried out by two step process involving…

High Flow Ammonia Cracking between 400-600°C
Presentation

High Flow Ammonia Cracking between 400-600°C

Adam WelchJonathan KintnerChristopher CadiganRyan O'HayreJoseph Beach

Traditional ammonia cracking is achieved at 850-950 °C in the presence of a nickel catalyst. The reaction is highly endothermic, and maintaining these high temperatures at high flow rates of ammonia gas can be difficult. Here, we present work using our advanced ammonia synthesis catalyst in an ammonia cracking setup. We use a metallic monolith catalyst support to minimize pressure drop at high flow rates. Full NH3 cracking occurs at 600 °C, with the onset of cracking at 400 °C. An output flame can be achieved with a fully tunable ratio of hydrogen to ammonia, depending on the temperature setpoint…

Material Discovery and Investigation of Novel Y Containing Ru Catalysts for Low Temperature Ammonia Decomposition
Presentation

Material Discovery and Investigation of Novel Y Containing Ru Catalysts for Low Temperature Ammonia Decomposition

Katie McCulloughTravis WilliamsJochen Lauterbach

Liquid ammonia can be used as an alternative hydrogen carrier and can be decomposed over catalysts to create a high purity hydrogen stream for fuel cell applications. Ammonia decomposition is typically catalyzed using supported ruthenium catalysts. Current ruthenium catalysts are expensive and often require reaction temperatures of 650 °C to attain complete conversion [1]. For the hydrogen produced from ammonia decomposition to be efficiently used in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, operating temperatures need to be considerably lowered and effluent concentrations of ammonia need to be minimized to avoid poisoning of the membrane [2]. Therefore, it is of interest to…