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Developments in Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis
Presentation

Developments in Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis

Stephen SzymanskiWayne Gellett

Proton Energy Systems, d/b/a Proton OnSite, is a technology and commercialization leader in the field of membrane based electrolysis. The company was founded on the vision of utilizing electrolysis technology for the capture and storage of energy in high value applications. Recently, the concept of storing electrical energy in the form of a carbon neutral liquid fuel, particularly ammonia, has been gaining traction within the research investment community. Proton has been participating in collaborative research with the University of Minnesota to advance the system concept for distributed ammonia production using wind-derived hydrogen (via electrolysis) and subsequent conversion to ammonia using…

Presentation

Electro-Synthesis of Ammonia for Grid Scale Energy Storage

Shekar BalagopalMatt RobbinsAlvare JavierMarc FlindersJoshua JohnstonFernando GarzonJamie GomezCourtney KrellerRangachary MukundanYu Seung Kim

Ceramatec Inc., in partnership with its partners, will develop a lower temperature and higher efficiency membrane process to synthesize ammonia for energy storage. Ammonia (NH3) is carbon-free, has a high energy density (>4 kW/l), which enables many hours of energy storage from large renewable power projects in small areas, and can be back converted to electricity using turbines or fuel cells at high efficiency. Ammonia synthesis is currently carried out in very large Haber-Bosch plants, mostly fueled from natural gas. The current large-scale Haber-Bosch (H-B) technology needs to run at constant inputs of energy and reactants. Moreover, ammonia is an…

Japan – a future market for Australian solar ammonia
Presentation

Japan – a future market for Australian solar ammonia

Keith Lovegrove

Japan and Australia are intimately linked in energy trade. Australia counts energy exports as a major source of foreign exchange income and Japan, which uses nearly 4 times the primary energy as Australia, imports nearly all of it. Approximately 40% of Australia’s coal exports are bought by Japan and were worth $AUD15.4 billion in 2012-13. Over 70% of Australia’s LNG exports went to Japan in the same period and earned over $AUD12billion. Future energy supply is high on the agenda for Japan. Currently 43% of its primary energy is in the form of imported oil mostly from the Middle East.…

Ammonia Storage Materials Using Metal Halides and Borohydrides
Presentation

Ammonia Storage Materials Using Metal Halides and Borohydrides

Yoshitsugu Kojima

Ammonia (NH3) is easily liquefied by compression at 1 MPa and 25 °C, and has a highest volumetric hydrogen density of 10.7 kg H2 /100L in hydrogen carriers. The volumetric hydrogen density is above 1.5 times of liquid hydrogen at 0.1 MPa and -253 °C. The vapor pressure of liquid NH3 is similar to propane. Moreover it has a high gravimetric hydrogen density of 17.8 mass%. NH3 is burnable substance and has a side as an energy carrier which is different from other hydrogen carriers. The heat of formation of NH3 is 30.6 kJ/molH2. The value is about 1/10 of…

Presentation

Overview of the KIER’s Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis – Present State and Perspective

Chung-Yul YooHyung Chul YoonDae Sik YunJong-Nam Kim

Ammonia has a potential as a carbon-free energy carrier since it contains 17.6wt% of hydrogen and can be easily stored and transported safely and efficiently. The state-of-the-art industrial process for ammonia production is the Haber-Bosch process. Although high temperature (450–500 °C) and pressure (150–300 bar) are used to dissociate triple-bonded nitrogen and to maximize the ammonia formation, the efficiency of the Haber–Bosch process is limited to 10–15%. Moreover, the process accompanies high greenhouse gases emission since hydrogen is produced from natural gas. In order to overcome the drawbacks of the Haber-Bosch process, the electrochemical ammonia synthesis has been developed as…

Carbon Free liquid fuel for tomorrow's piston and turbine generators
Presentation

Carbon Free liquid fuel for tomorrow's piston and turbine generators

Douglas Barnett

In the 1960s the US Army and University of California modified and flew military helicopter and fixed-wing turbine aircraft by burning pure ammonia. The plan was to generate NH3 from local air & water in remote locations, sparing little expense by modifying only the engine’s firebox and air intake. We’re all here to reduce the cost of air travel, placate noise complainers, and grab our share of the massive growth of future airline cash-flow. Nonsense. The real goal is not fuel efficiency but Carbon-free air travel; electric-hybrids with current engine-generators. Americans bought 6,000,000,000 pounds of liquid NH3 last year.

Presentation

Development of ammonia / natural gas dual fuel gas turbine combustor

Shintaro ItoSoichiro KatoTsukasa SaitoToshiro FujimoriHideaki Kobayashi

NH3 is a carbon-free fuel, so it has the potential to reduce CO2 emission from the power plant when used as a fuel. However, NH3 has combustion characteristics different from conventional hydrocarbon fuels. The N atom in the ammonia molecule causes high NOx emission through combustion reactions. To develop a gas-turbine combustor, which burns a combination of NH3 and natural gas with controlled emissions, combustion characteristics have been studied experimentally and numerically by using a swirl-burner, which is typically used in gas-turbines. Detailed exhaust gas compositions of the burner have been measured under atmospheric pressure and fuel lean conditions. As…

Presentation

Ammonia Storage in Metal Ammines

Jawza AlnawmasiDuncan Gregory

Ammonia has attracted interest as a promising alternative fuel for internal combustion engines due to the fact that ammonia does not release carbon dioxide during combustion.[1] Storing ammonia in the form of metal ammines is the most notable way to overcome the challenges that are related to the use of NH3 in liquid form, namely the toxicity and corrosive nature of ammonia.[2] Ammine complexes of light transition metal halides (such as Co, Ni) are very promising candidates because they exhibit high ammonia contents and they are relatively stable at room temperature. The CoX2 system is an interesting candidate, especially cobalt…

Solar Hydrogen and Ammonia System Status
Presentation

Solar Hydrogen and Ammonia System Status

David Toyne

Further development results of the Raphael Schmuecker Memorial Solar Hydrogen and Ammonia prototype plant, discussing making of Nitrogen and Ammonia, the energy usage, and the general system efficiencies and output. We would also like to discuss our results of dyno testing the Hydrogen / Hydrogen & Ammonia tractor engine and further developments in ammonia fuel vaporization.