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The Cost of CO2-free Ammonia
Article

The Cost of CO2-free Ammonia

Bunro Shiozawa November 12, 2020

If ammonia is to be introduced into the energy system as a CO2-free fuel, its cost must be at least competitive with that of other CO2-free fuels such as CO2-free hydrogen. In the discussion below I consider the cost aspect of CO2-free ammonia. To state my conclusion at the beginning, the cost of CO2-free ammonia can be less than 30 yen/Nm3-H2, which is the 2030 cost target for hydrogen energy set by the Japanese government in its "Basic Hydrogen Strategy” for introducing hydrogen energy into Japan.

METI Forms Ammonia Energy Council
Article

METI Forms Ammonia Energy Council

Stephen H. Crolius November 05, 2020

Last week, Japan’s Ministry of Energy, Trade, and Industry (METI) announced the formation of a council to work on the implementation of ammonia as an energy commodity. The announcement came on the same day as a speech by Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga in which he established 2050 as the date certain for Japan to achieve carbon-neutrality. That was Monday October 26, 2020. The council held its first meeting on Tuesday October 27. The Council consists of four entities from the public sector and ten from the private sector. Members include companies that have previously been identified with the development of ammonia energy systems, including EPC firm JGC, capital goods manufacturer IHI, electric utility JERA, and shipping company NYK Line. The membership also reflects what appears to be the group’s central mission: positioning Japan as ammonia energy’s global leader via the dissemination of technology and the development of supply chains.

Japan's Electricity Sector: An Early Market for Low-Carbon Ammonia
Article

Japan's Electricity Sector: An Early Market for Low-Carbon Ammonia

Stephen H. Crolius October 29, 2020

This week, Japan’s new Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga announced that by 2050 the country would drive its greenhouse gas emissions to zero and achieve carbon-neutrality. Earlier in the month, the Japanese electric utility JERA announced its intention of “achieving zero CO2 emissions by 2050.” Its first step toward this goal was its 'JERA Zero CO2 Emissions 2050 Roadmap for its Business in Japan.'

Saudi Arabia ships low-carbon ammonia to Japan
Article

Saudi Arabia ships low-carbon ammonia to Japan

Trevor Brown October 08, 2020

Last week, Saudi Aramco and the IEEJ attracted significant media attention when they announced that the first “blue” ammonia has been shipped to Japan. Aramco’s celebration of this shipment of 40 tons of ammonia (not 40 thousand or 40 million, just 40 tons) raises many questions, but makes three things clear. First, projects to demonstrate the carbon footprint of specific batches of low-carbon ammonia are now underway, and these case studies will inform the design of an international low-carbon ammonia certification scheme. Second, there is an urgent need to establish definitions across the industry, or risk losing credibility. Third, Aramco (absolutely the most profitable company in the world, with over a hundred oil and gas fields and almost 300 trillion scf of natural gas reserves) has sent a clear signal that it intends to make and sell ammonia as a decarbonized energy commodity.

Series Presents Japanese Perspective on Ammonia as a CO2-Free Fuel
Article

Series Presents Japanese Perspective on Ammonia as a CO2-Free Fuel

Bunro Shiozawa September 08, 2020

From 2014 to 2018, I served as Deputy Program Director of SIP “Energy Carriers” under Mr. Shigeru Muraki, Program Director, and alongside my fellow Deputy Program Director, Dr. Ken-ichi Aika. After helping to bring the Energy Carriers' work to a successful conclusion, I decided to write a series of articles that describe prospects for ammonia as a CO2-free fuel and hydrogen carrier, as well as activities to construct a value chain of CO2-free ammonia. The articles were published in the on-line journal of Japan’s International Environment and Economy Institute (IEEI).

Hyundai joins Fortescue and CSIRO to
Article

Hyundai joins Fortescue and CSIRO to "fast track" ammonia to high-purity hydrogen system

Trevor Brown September 03, 2020

Fortescue recently announced that it has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Hyundai Motor Company and CSIRO for the “development and future commercialisation” of its metal membrane technology. This technology, which produces high-purity compressed hydrogen from liquid ammonia, was demonstrated in 2018. It enables PEM fuel cell vehicles to refuel using hydrogen that is generated on demand from ammonia. At scale, this technology could enable an ammonia-based hydrogen production, storage, and distribution infrastructure, lowering the barriers to implementation of a national network of hydrogen filling stations. Now, “Hyundai will seek to demonstrate the viability of the technology for renewable hydrogen production and vehicle fuelling in Korea.”

Platform based Certification Scheme
Presentation

Platform based Certification Scheme

Martin Hablutzel

A robust and internationally recognised certification scheme is critical to facilitate international trade of hydrogen and its carriers (such as ammonia) and other derivatives. There are a number of existing schemes and discussions are under way for further development, often describing the need for a scheme to be transparent, minimal, auditable and future-proof amongst other attributes, all at low cost and with minimum administrative overhead. This presentation proposes to look at a certification scheme from a ‘bottom-up’ perspective by considering possible technical solutions that exist and can be developed to meet the ‘top-down’ expectation.