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A Hybrid Vehicle Powered by Hydrogen and Ammonia
Presentation

A Hybrid Vehicle Powered by Hydrogen and Ammonia

Paolo DarioRoberto GentiliNeri BonfantiGiuseppe PozzanaStefano FrigoNicolo DoveriVirgilio MattoliMarina Ragnoli

A partnership of Research and Industry entities has developed a fully working hybrid electric vehicle equipped with a 15 kW IC engine fuelled with liquid ammonia as a range extender of the lithium batteries pack on board. The entire vehicle powertrain (ie, the IC engine, the electric generator coupled with the engine, the electric motor, the electronics etc.) has been studied and designed. Regarding the IC engine, as is known, ammonia combustion is characterized by a high activation energy and a low flame velocity, therefore a small amount of hydrogen is requested as igniter and combustion promoter. The necessary amount…

Making and Treating NOx formed in NH3 Engines
Presentation

Making and Treating NOx formed in NH3 Engines

Patrick Desrochers

Ammonia has real promise as a green renewable fuel; however its use is not without some of the drawbacks endemic to high temperature combustion processes. Chief among them is the potential for NOx formation in nitrogen-rich oxidizing environments. Nitric and nitrous oxides are prime culprits that plague both entrenched hydrocarbon internal combustion technology but also emerging technologies like ammonia-as-a-fuel. Nitric oxide is implicated in photochemical ground-level ozone production in urban areas. Nitrous oxide is its own double-edged environmental sword, being both a potent tropospheric green-house gas as well as a principle agent in renewed stratospheric ozone-depletion (Science 2009, v326, p.…

Characteristics of a Spark Ignition Engine Using Direct Ammonia Injection
Presentation

Characteristics of a Spark Ignition Engine Using Direct Ammonia Injection

George ZacharakisSong-Charng Kong

The effects of direct injection of gaseous ammonia on the combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions of a spark-ignition engine were investigated. Port-injection gasoline was used to enhance the burning of ammonia that was directly injected into the engine cylinder. Appropriate direct injection strategies were developed to allow ammonia to be used in spark-ignition engines without sacrifice of volumetric efficiency. Experimental results show that with gasoline providing the baseline power, total engine power increased as the injection timing of ammonia was advanced and the injection duration was increased. Engine performance with use of gasoline-ammonia was compared to that with gasoline alone.…

The AmVeh – an ammonia fueled car from South Korea
Article

The AmVeh – an ammonia fueled car from South Korea

Julian Atchison May 20, 2013

South Korean researchers have successfully road-tested a dual fuel passenger car that runs on a mixture of ammonia and gasoline. It is called the AmVeh and was developed by members of the Ammonia Research Group at the Korean Institute for Energy Research. The prototype vehicle uses a fuel ratio of 70% ammonia to 30% gasoline to power a spark ignition engine. As ammonia contains no carbon, this fuel ratio results in a corresponding 70% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, compared to pure gasoline. The AmVeh team is now focused on improving the fuel system and the exhaust after-treatment system. Once these are optimized, they aim to develop an engine system that runs on ammonia alone, without any support from gasoline.