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Siemens - Green Ammonia
Article

Siemens - Green Ammonia

Stephen H. Crolius September 19, 2016

In April 2016, Siemens AG announced that it will construct a plant at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxford to demonstrate the production of ammonia in an electrochemical reactor. The technology is seen as a facilitator of the use of ammonia synthesis as a method for storing renewably generated electricity. It involves lower pressures and temperatures than conventional synthesis with the Haber Bosch process. The project will test two different electrolyte chemistries using its 30 kilowatt electrochemical reactor.

US DOE: The REFUEL Project
Article

US DOE: The REFUEL Project

Stephen H. Crolius September 19, 2016

In April 2016, the United States Department of Energy (DOE) released a Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) for its Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-dense Liquids (REFUEL) program. The focus of the program is carbon-neutral liquid fuels (CNLFs). In the DOE’s formulation, CNLFs are to be produced “from air and water using electrical or thermal energy from renewable sources.”

Ammonia for Energy Storage and Delivery
Presentation

Ammonia for Energy Storage and Delivery

Grigorii Soloveichik

The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA-E) funds high risk, high reward transformational research to reduce energy related emissions, reduce imports of energy from foreign sources, improve energy efficiency across all economic sectors, and ensure US technological lead in advanced energy technologies, including electrochemical energy storage and transformation for grid scale and automotive applications. Storing energy in the form of liquid fuels has numerous advantages compared to conventional methods of energy storage (ES) such as batteries (high cost, short cycle life), pumped hydro and compressed air (low energy density). Low costs of storage and transportation of liquid fuels enables long-time ES…

Nuon - Power to Ammonia
Article

Nuon - Power to Ammonia

Stephen H. Crolius September 19, 2016

In March 2016 the Dutch utility Nuon announced that it will study the possibility of storing "seasonal surplus" electricity from wind and solar in the form of ammonia. The study by Nuon and Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) is part of the project "Power to Ammonia." The study will be conducted at Nuon's Magnum power station.

Investigating and Understanding Ionic Ammine Materials
Presentation

Investigating and Understanding Ionic Ammine Materials

Martin Owen JonesJ HartleyBill DavidA Porch

Ammonia has been promoted as a viable candidate as an indirect hydrogen fuel vector, due to its high hydrogen content (17.8 wt%) and its ability to store 30% more energy per liquid volume than liquid hydrogen [1]. Ammonia can be safely stored in very high gravimetric and volumetric density in solid state halide materials [2-3], for example, at 109 gL-1 for Mg(NH3)6Cl2 compared to 108 gL-1 for liquid ammonia. These solid state ammonia coordination complexes, known as ammines, have attracted much recent attention (for examples see [4-5] and references there within) with a view to their use as solid state…

Using Renewable Energy to Produce NH3
Presentation

Using Renewable Energy to Produce NH3

Geoff Budd

Commercial production of Ammonia (NH3) is a large scale industrial process converting natural gas (or other fossil fuels) into gaseous hydrogen, which is catalytically reacted with nitrogen to form anhydrous liquid NH3. NH3 made from natural gas is responsible for approximately 5% of global natural gas consumption (around 2% of world energy). Hydrogen can be produced more simply and more sustainably by the electrolysis of water using renewable electricity. Thus decoupling NH3 production from fossil fuels and substantially decarbonising the process. This provides a means of utilising intermittent renewable electrical power to produce NH3 for use as a fertilizer, fuel…

Liquid Ammonia for Hydrogen Storage
Presentation

Liquid Ammonia for Hydrogen Storage

Yoshitsugu Kojima

Hydrogen storage and transportation technology is essentially necessary to realize hydrogen economy. Hydrogen can be stored in many different forms, as compressed or liquefied hydrogen in tanks, or as hydrogen carriers: a hydrogen-absorbing alloy, metal hydrides with light elements, organic hydrides and carbon-based hydrogen storage materials. Among them, solid-state hydrides with light elements such as MgH2, Mg(BH4)2 and NH3BH3 possess high hydrogen capacity, 7-20 mass%, However, the practical volumetric H2 density is below 8 kgH2/100L because the packing ratio is down to 50%. Ammonia is easily liquefied by compression at 1 MPa and 25°C, and has a high volumetric hydrogen…