In addition to its role as a low-carbon maritime fuel, seaborne trade of ammonia will play a key role in global, economy-wide decarbonization. Therefore, marine ports are emerging as likely future hubs for low-carbon ammonia, both as cargo and as a fuel. In many ports, adjacent industries such as refining, chemicals, and land-based freight transport offer additional offtake opportunities for both low-carbon hydrogen and ammonia, and hydrogen offers solutions for decarbonization of port operations. As multi-modal, global-scale trade and demand centers, marine ports have the potential to serve as epicenters and integrators for low-carbon ammonia and hydrogen industrial clusters.
