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Targets, Limits, Pledges, Bans: Enforcing the Transition to Sustainable Energy
Article

Targets, Limits, Pledges, Bans: Enforcing the Transition to Sustainable Energy

Trevor Brown October 18, 2018

In the last 12 months ... California passed a law mandating 100% carbon-free electricity by 2045; then its governor announced that the state's entire energy system - not just its electricity - would be carbon-neutral by 2045. The Hydrogen Council announced its "goal of decarbonizing 100% of hydrogen fuel used in transport by 2030." The International Maritime Organization set targets for the global shipping sector to “reduce the total annual GHG emissions by at least 50% by 2050,” and completely “phase them out, as soon as possible in this century,” and these targets were swiftly endorsed by the International Chamber of Shipping. Regulators and self-regulating organizations around the world are enforcing systemic decarbonization and accelerating the transition to a hydrogen economy.

Ammonia Fuel Safety
Presentation

Ammonia Fuel Safety

Trevor Brown

This paper introduces the existing literature on the safety of using ammonia as a fuel, which provides comparative data for a range of traditional and alternative fuels and energy carriers. The studies reviewed conclude that risk levels associated with using ammonia as a fuel are “similar to those of gasoline,” or “similar, if not lower than for the other fuels,” also including hydrogen, methanol, LPG, and CNG. Ammonia as a fuel can meet all “acceptable” risk levels in even the most stringent regulatory jurisdictions. Addressing popular misconceptions and fears by providing robust sources for quantitative data on the dangers of…

Development of Fuel Quality Specification for Ammonia when used as a Motor Vehicle Fuel
Presentation

Development of Fuel Quality Specification for Ammonia when used as a Motor Vehicle Fuel

Allan Morrison

A presentation on the steps needed to start the process of developing an ASTM specification for Ammonia when used as a motor vehicle fuel. What does standard consist of? Minimum quality, harmful contaminants, storage, handling, and safety concerns. The need to indentify or develop standardized test methods. The need for participation by producers (production & distribution), users (OEM’s), general interest groups (government, testing labs), and consumers (fleet owners). Appropriate committee: ASTM, SAE or ISO. Timeframe and hurdles. Volunteers to form an exploratory committee. Discussions? Plans to update the group at the 2015 NH3 Fuel Conference.

Ammonia as a Motor Vehicle Engine Fuel from a Weights and Measures Perspective
Presentation

Ammonia as a Motor Vehicle Engine Fuel from a Weights and Measures Perspective

Allan Morrison

California Law requires: — All motor vehicle fuel must have a consensus organization fuel quality standard. In absence of such a standard, a user may obtain a “Developmental Engine Fuel Variance” for the purpose of developing a consensus organization standard. — Devices that measure for purposes of charging are type approved for product delivered and sealed by a Weights and Measure official. — Fuel dispensers are labeled in accordance to State and Federal requirements. — Unit of sale be in dollars per gallon or liter. The author provides an overview of these areas and information on how to obtain a…