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Presentation

Ammonia as a future marine fuel - bunkering safety and potential issues

Koh Eng Kiong

Bunkering is an indispensable operation to supply fuel to ships. Currently in marine industry, ammonia has been a bulk commodity frequently loaded/unloaded from terminal to ship or ship to terminals. The operation is similar to bunkering, the difference being that ammonia is transferred to a dedicated storage tank instead of fuel tank. The future adoption of green ammonia as a marine fuel will need to be developed taking reference of the existing industry practice, of which the bunkering operation is carried out for heavy fuel oil, diesel oil, marine gas oil, lube oil and LNG. There is also a need…

Presentation

Alternative low carbon energy for maritime application

Koh Eng Kiong

Singapore is the largest trans-shipment seaports in the world that has connectivity to 600 ports in over 120 countries. The country has a thriving maritime cluster that comprises over 5,000 maritime-related establishments contributing about 7% of the nation’s gross domestic product. With the growth in world trade and expanding future port activities, the Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emission from the local ports is expected to increase in tandem to support the wide range of essential port services. This is a challenge for Singapore and the maritime industry as global climate change agreements call for the reduction in GHG emission. This presentation…