LEAD: Ammonia Energy Infrastructure
With the scale-up in trade of ammonia as a carbon-free fuel and hydrogen carrier, the infrastructure must also be scaled up. The existing and planned ammonia terminals and associated infrastructure provides an indication on the readiness and availability of ammonia at the required locations. Where ammonia is imported as a hydrogen carrier, ammonia crackers are usually co-located with ammonia terminals.
Key insights
- Ammonia storage terminals are globally distributed, with ammonia storage capacity in most industrial ports. Terminal expansions have been announced in regions that import energy, and in new export locations, allowing for scale-up of ammonia trade.
- As of January 2025, 23 Ammonia for Power projects are under development, mostly based on ammonia co-firing in thermal power plants, which was demonstrated at industrial scale in 2024. Some gas turbines are under development as well. Most of these projects are located in East Asia.
- As of January 2025, at least 20 Ammonia crackers are under development for hydrogen import. These projects are located in West Europe and East Asia, mainly for industrial hydrogen supply and for power generation.
For more insights, or to review our methodology, download the Low-Emission Ammonia Data (LEAD): Infrastructure Executive Summary (January 2025).
For more information or questions related to this material, please contact Kevin Rouwenhorst, Technology Manager, Ammonia Energy Association.
The original data upon which this material is based is available to the members of the Ammonia Energy Association. If you are interested in joining the AEA, learn more here.
Ammonia Energy Infrastructure (January 2025), © 2025 by Ammonia Energy Association is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. Terms of Use.