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Presentation

Using Renewable Energy to Produce NH3

Geoff Budd

Commercial production of Ammonia (NH3) is a large scale industrial process converting natural gas (or other fossil fuels) into gaseous hydrogen, which is catalytically reacted with nitrogen to form anhydrous liquid NH3. NH3 made from natural gas is responsible for approximately 5% of global natural gas consumption (around 2% of world energy). Hydrogen can be produced more simply and more sustainably by the electrolysis of water using renewable electricity. Thus decoupling NH3 production from fossil fuels and substantially decarbonising the process. This provides a means of utilising intermittent renewable electrical power to produce NH3 for use as a fertilizer, fuel…

Presentation

NH3 from Renewable-source Electricity, Water, and Air: Technology Options and Economics Modeling

William Leighty

Our company, Alaska Applied Sciences, Inc. has developed a simple cost modeling tool based on capital recovery factor (CRF), for a client, to analyze, “Under what conditions will the technology in question produce NH3, at a plant gate cost competitive with NH3 from extant sources, from renewable-source electricity, water, and air?” We will report the results of several case assumptions based on Electrolysis plus Haber-Bosch technology. We will also present a catalog of apparently credible technologies for synthesizing NH3 from renewables-source electricity, water, and air.

Presentation

Effects of cathodic materials on the electrochemical ammonia synthesis from water and nitrogen in molten salts at atmospheric pressure

Kwiyong Kim Chan-heui Hyung Hyung Chul Yoon Jong-Nam Kim Jong-In Han

Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia from water and nitrogen at atmospheric pressure could be an alternative to the current ammonia synthesis process (i.e. Harbor-Bosch) and solve the inherent problems of the process including its high energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission. This study reports electrochemical ammonia synthesis from water and nitrogen in molten salts at atmospheric pressure and temperatures exceeding 623K. Modifications on surface materials of the nitrogen activation electrode were made, tested, and their ammonia synthesis rates were compared.

Presentation

Micro Gas Turbine Operation with Kerosene and Ammonia

Norihiko Iki Osamu Kurata Takayuki Matsunuma Takahiro Inoue Masato Suzuki Taku Tsujimura Hirohide Furutani

A demonstration test with the aim to show the potential of ammonia-fired power plant is planned using a micro gas turbine. 50kW class turbine system firing kerosene is selected as a base model. A standard combustor is replaced with a prototype combustor which enables a bi-fuel supply of kerosene and ammonia gas. Diffusion combustion is employed to the prototype combustor due to its flame stability. Demonstration test of co-firing of kerosene and ammonia gas was achieved to check the functionality of the each component of the micro gas turbine. The gas turbine started firing kerosene and increased its electric power…

Presentation

Ammonia as an alternate transport fuel: Emulsifiers for gasoline ammonia fuel blends and real time engine performance

Shehan Haputhanthri

Ammonia is a carbon-free solution to energy crisis without strenuous changes to the existing infrastructure. Ammonia and hydrocarbon liquid fuel blends can be used to power existing IC engines as an alternative transportation fuel. Due to the structure of ammonia and hydrocarbon molecules an emulsifying agent has to be used to obtain a stable and high molality solution. Feasibility of ammonia and gasoline liquid fuel blends using ethanol and methanol as emulsifiers was studied in this research. A small thermo-stated vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) high pressure cell was used to study the solubility of ammonia in gasoline. A larger VLE…

Presentation

A High Efficiency NH3 fueled Diesel Engine

Eddie Sturman

A High Efficiency NH3 fueled Diesel Engine Eddie Sturman, Sturman Industries, USA

Presentation

Recent progress on the Ammonia-Gasoline and the Ammonia-Diesel Dual Fueled Internal Combustion Engines in Korea

Youngmin Woo Jin Young Jang Young Jae Lee Jong-Nam Kim

Both a spark ignition engine and a compression ignition engine are considered to use ammonia as primary fuel in this study. First, in a spark ignition engine, an ammonia-gasoline dual fuel system was developed and both ammonia and gasoline are injected separately into the intake manifold in liquid phase. As ammonia burns 1/6 time slower than gasoline, the spark timing is needed to be advanced near 40 degree before top dead center. The test engine showed quite high variation in the power output with ammonia supply more than 70% of the total heat value. As a result, 70% of gasoline…

Presentation

Further Evolution of an Ammonia Fuelled Range Extender for Hybrid Vehicles

Stefano Frigo Roberto Gentili

In a previous research the possibility to run a small 4-stroke twin-cylinder SI engine of 505 cm3 with ammonia plus hydrogen was demonstrated. Ammonia and hydrogen tanks were utilized to feed the engine while, apart, the suitability of a custom-designed catalytic reactor to produce hydrogen from ammonia with the required flow rate was verified as well. The experimental activity confirmed the need to increase combustion velocity by adding hydrogen to air-ammonia mixture, with energy ratios that mainly depend on load and less on engine speed. The minimum hydrogen to ammonia energy ratio was found below 6% at full load and…

Presentation

Liquid Ammonia for Hydrogen Storage

Yoshitsugu Kojima

Hydrogen storage and transportation technology is essentially necessary to realize hydrogen economy. Hydrogen can be stored in many different forms, as compressed or liquefied hydrogen in tanks, or as hydrogen carriers: a hydrogen-absorbing alloy, metal hydrides with light elements, organic hydrides and carbon-based hydrogen storage materials. Among them, solid-state hydrides with light elements such as MgH2, Mg(BH4)2 and NH3BH3 possess high hydrogen capacity, 7-20 mass%, However, the practical volumetric H2 density is below 8 kgH2/100L because the packing ratio is down to 50%. Ammonia is easily liquefied by compression at 1 MPa and 25°C, and has a high volumetric hydrogen…

Presentation

My Solar Powered Ammonia Generation System

Jay Schmuecker

As a memorial to my father I have installed on the farm where he was raised, a demonstration Solar-Hydrogen system that has been producing and compressing hydrogen from solar power for several years. The hydrogen will be used to fuel a tractor which can also be fueled by ammonia. The ammonia was to be purchased until after last year’s conference when I was put in contact with Doug Carpenter, who has a low energy input catalytic method of making ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen. I will describe the demonstration system that is being installed. It consists of a nitrogen generator…