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Argus Media

Article

Maritime decarbonization is a trillion dollar opportunity

Trevor Brown February 06, 2020

In January 2020, the Global Maritime Forum published new analysis that calculates "the capital investment needed to achieve decarbonization" in line with the International Maritime Organization's Initial GHG Strategy. The result of this analysis, which assumes that ammonia will be "the primary zero carbon fuel choice adopted by the shipping industry," is an aggregate investment of between $1 trillion and $1.4 trillion dollars, from 2030 to 2050, or roughly $50 to $70 billion per year across two decades. Ship-side costs are only 13% of this number. The bulk of the investment will be directed towards green ammonia plants for maritime fuel synthesis. By 2050, this global fuel demand is estimated to be more than 900 million tons per year of green ammonia, more than five time today's total global output of conventional ammonia.

Article

Updating the literature: Ammonia consumes 43% of global hydrogen

Trevor Brown January 03, 2020

For years, many people — myself included — have been saying that ammonia consumes 55% of the hydrogen produced around the world. Although there are many authoritative sources for this figure, I knew that it was likely out of date. Until now, I had overlooked the International Energy Agency (IEA) 2019 report, The Future of Hydrogen, which provides up-to-date (and publicly downloadable) data for global hydrogen demand since 1975. According to the IEA, ammonia represented almost 43% of global hydrogen demand in 2018; refining represented almost 52%, and "other" demands accounted for 6%.

Presentation

Keynote Speech: Implementation of Ammonia Energy Value Chain

Shigeru Muraki

Toward low carbon society, it is essential to develop and utilize renewable energies globally. For this challenge, hydrogen energy carriers will take an important role to bridge renewable resources and energy market. Among carriers, ammonia is the most economical and viable option because it has the largest hydrogen content and can be directly combusted without CO2 emissions. Technologies to use ammonia in power generation and industrial markets have been developed in the SIP Energy Carriers in Japan, and The Green Ammonia Consortium established April 2019 is conducting feasibility studies of Green and Blue ammonia and discussing implementation plans for a…

Presentation

Biomass Based Sustainable Ammonia Production

Antonio Sánchez Mariano Martín Pastora Vega

The renewable ammonia production is gaining attention nowadays. Current production processes use as raw material, predominantly, natural gas or coal. Therefore, large amounts of greenhouse carbon dioxide are released in the production process. Different alternatives for a sustainable path to produce ammonia have been analysed. One alternative is producing hydrogen through electrolysis, nitrogen by air separation and then produce ammonia via Haber Bosch process (Sánchez & Martín, 2018). An interesting feature of this process is the possibility of integrating renewable energy sources in the ammonia production. Another technology is the electrochemical ammonia production (Bicer & Dincer, 2017). The ammonia synthesis…

Presentation

Ammonia Production Can be Practically Free

David Judbarovski

As a prototype I take Green ammonia: Haldor Topsoe’s solid oxide electrolyzer ( https://ammoniaenergy.org/green-ammonia-haldor-topsoes-solid-oxide-electrolyzer/ ) to produce synthesis-gas (1/2 N2 + 1.5 H2 ) for ammonia production from air, water and renewable energy. The big disadvantage of it is very expensive CAPEX of the electrolyzer consuming 7.2 MWh electricity per a ton of ammonia. In my turn, I suppose a following technology consuming 7.0-7.4 MWh electricity to produce ammonia with by-product of 0.4 ton formaldehyde solution (40% in water) being now USD 300-350/ton fob price, considered as that ammonia payback including CAPEX. The world annual consume of formaldehyde exceeds 10…

Article

IEA Analysis: Green Chinese P2A Could Compete with Brown NH3

Stephen H. Crolius February 28, 2019

The IEA has developed a rigorous economic model to examine the proposition that resource intermittency can be managed by siting hydrogen facilities where variable renewable energy (VRE) resources have complementary daily and seasonal production profiles. Last month, IEA Senior Analyst Cédric Philibert shared modeling results from selected sites in China with an audience at the Energy Research Institute in Beijing. The exercise offers a first quantitative look at two important questions. First, what is the economic impact of "VRE stacking"? And second, what is the relative cost position of ammonia produced via a stacking approach?