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Presentation

Ammonia as an alternate transport fuel: Emulsifiers for gasoline ammonia fuel blends and real time engine performance

Shehan Haputhanthri

Ammonia is a carbon-free solution to energy crisis without strenuous changes to the existing infrastructure. Ammonia and hydrocarbon liquid fuel blends can be used to power existing IC engines as an alternative transportation fuel. Due to the structure of ammonia and hydrocarbon molecules an emulsifying agent has to be used to obtain a stable and high molality solution. Feasibility of ammonia and gasoline liquid fuel blends using ethanol and methanol as emulsifiers was studied in this research. A small thermo-stated vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) high pressure cell was used to study the solubility of ammonia in gasoline. A larger VLE…

Presentation

Recent progress on the Ammonia-Gasoline and the Ammonia-Diesel Dual Fueled Internal Combustion Engines in Korea

Youngmin Woo Jin Young Jang Young Jae Lee Jong-Nam Kim

Both a spark ignition engine and a compression ignition engine are considered to use ammonia as primary fuel in this study. First, in a spark ignition engine, an ammonia-gasoline dual fuel system was developed and both ammonia and gasoline are injected separately into the intake manifold in liquid phase. As ammonia burns 1/6 time slower than gasoline, the spark timing is needed to be advanced near 40 degree before top dead center. The test engine showed quite high variation in the power output with ammonia supply more than 70% of the total heat value. As a result, 70% of gasoline…

Presentation

Further Evolution of an Ammonia Fuelled Range Extender for Hybrid Vehicles

Stefano Frigo Roberto Gentili

In a previous research the possibility to run a small 4-stroke twin-cylinder SI engine of 505 cm3 with ammonia plus hydrogen was demonstrated. Ammonia and hydrogen tanks were utilized to feed the engine while, apart, the suitability of a custom-designed catalytic reactor to produce hydrogen from ammonia with the required flow rate was verified as well. The experimental activity confirmed the need to increase combustion velocity by adding hydrogen to air-ammonia mixture, with energy ratios that mainly depend on load and less on engine speed. The minimum hydrogen to ammonia energy ratio was found below 6% at full load and…

Presentation

Liquid Ammonia for Hydrogen Storage

Yoshitsugu Kojima

Hydrogen storage and transportation technology is essentially necessary to realize hydrogen economy. Hydrogen can be stored in many different forms, as compressed or liquefied hydrogen in tanks, or as hydrogen carriers: a hydrogen-absorbing alloy, metal hydrides with light elements, organic hydrides and carbon-based hydrogen storage materials. Among them, solid-state hydrides with light elements such as MgH2, Mg(BH4)2 and NH3BH3 possess high hydrogen capacity, 7-20 mass%, However, the practical volumetric H2 density is below 8 kgH2/100L because the packing ratio is down to 50%. Ammonia is easily liquefied by compression at 1 MPa and 25°C, and has a high volumetric hydrogen…

Presentation

Who's your Favorite Chemical?

Norm Olson

This paper provides an overview of the impressive attributes of NH3 as a fuel. NH3 is the closet thing to an ideal fuel due to its production flexibility, competitive cost, infrastructure cost/availability, efficiency, environmental performance, and safety. This year’s presentation will emphasize why NH3 is the best bridge fuel between fossil and renewable fuels and why it is relatively simple to make NH3 safe enough to meet the most stringent fuel safety standards.

Presentation

Green Ammonia to Fuel International Security

Christopher Harz

Ammonia has the potential to play an increasing role in international security for the US and its allies in global areas of interest. So far, analysis of ammonia for the US government and military has narrowly focused on its use as fuel for combat vehicles, including aircraft or ships, but there are far more vital roles it can play, to save resources and lives.

Presentation

Clean Cities Overview / City of Sacramento Green Fleet Update

Keith Leech

Clean Cities Overview / City of Sacramento Green Fleet Update Keith Leech, City of Sacramento

Presentation

NH3 as a Potential Alternative Fuel for California

James Aguila Mike Waugh

NH3 as a Potential Alternative Fuel for California James Aguila and Mike Waugh, California Air Resources Board

Presentation

Ammonia as a Motor Vehicle Engine Fuel from a Weights and Measures Perspective

Allan Morrison

California Law requires: — All motor vehicle fuel must have a consensus organization fuel quality standard. In absence of such a standard, a user may obtain a “Developmental Engine Fuel Variance” for the purpose of developing a consensus organization standard. — Devices that measure for purposes of charging are type approved for product delivered and sealed by a Weights and Measure official. — Fuel dispensers are labeled in accordance to State and Federal requirements. — Unit of sale be in dollars per gallon or liter. The author provides an overview of these areas and information on how to obtain a…

Presentation

NH3 Fuel — Gaining Momentum

Norm Olson

This paper provides an overview of the impressive characteristics of NH3 as a fuel. NH3 is the closet thing to an ideal fuel due to its production flexibility, competitive cost, infrastructure cost/availability, efficiency, environmental performance, and safety. This year’s presentation will emphasize why NH3 is the best bridge fuel between fossil and renewable fuels and why it is relatively simple to make NH3 safe enough to meet the most stringent existing fuel safety standards.